(a) Standard PUND (Positive Up, Negative Down)

pun4dEither you should you have the costly PE hysteresis loop measurement set up sold by Radiant technologies, and has the PUND type snal application.Applied PUND snal (a) and measured current (b), as function of time for fields below the AFE-FE transition. Global I(E) cycle (c) and I(E) cycle of only the ferroelectric switching contribution